Chapter 13 talks about organizing, and how to keep your paper in an organized patterns and how to arrange your arguments. There are many ways to organize your paper such as: Chronology, description, definition, cause/effect, process explanation, pro/con, multiple perspectives, comparison/contrast., strengths/weaknesses, cost/benefits, and problem/solution. There are so many different formats that you can us to help fit your topic best. Or whatever the teacher assigns you. Arranging your arguments you should use labeling, grouping, clustering. These will help you develop an outline. Creating your outline:
Introduction
and brief list of words, or series of sentience.
1-Mapping an argument:
2-List your thesis statements
3-Review your notes to identify reasons that help advance your thesis statement.
Have evidence to help your readers accept your thesis.
4- Use organizing patterns to map your arguments
5- List evidence near supporting points
Outlines:
Thesis statement
Your reasons
Sequence in which those reasons should be presented.
Evidence for your reasons
Notes and sources.
This chapter is very helpful to me, it has really broke down what i need to do for my Thesis and out line. And figuring out how to start my paper with evidence, and how to format my paper in the best format. I need to take all my arguments and list them in an order how i want to present them.

Chapter 19 talks about design and documents and how to make the best presentations. When writing an academic essay you, don't want to be flashy you want you’re the format of your paper to look clean. You can use graphs and other pictures that help tell your story in your paper. To give the visual effect. When writing your paper, use fonts, color, and borders. When choosing your design tools use the software that bests fits your paper and what your teacher wants, such as: Microsoft, Apple pages, power point and key notes. All sites have a good structure to help you .It is your job to pick what fits you. Designing your articles they rely a lot on information obtained by sources such as books and websites, government reports, interview, surveys, and observations. Oral presentations are what I really struggle with, this is good information such as: You want to always make eye contact and a variation in your tone of voice. When talking to your audience don't just read off a piece of paper. Connect with the people you are presenting to. Give examples and ask questions keep them listening. Try to feel out the audience and see how much they know about the topic. That will tell you how in dept. you will need to go to reach your audience. When talking use, words, phrases, metaphors, imagery and engage your audience. Use note cards but only key points that you can explain about so it’s not like your reading right from the not card.

Chapter 18 talks about understanding design principles, such as adding flavor to your writing. You want it to stand out bring in the reader. Don’t go overboard with color and pictures. Just add the perfect amount that does not turn the reader away. Make sure you place it in places that is not distracting to the reader. Design was a purpose present your information, ideas and arguments in a well-planned out format. There are lots of design elements you can use such as: fount, line spacing, page layout, color shading, and illustrations. Also use photos and other images, charts and graphs to show your reader in a different way. When using any of the topics I listed about make sure you use it with a porous, such as don't go overboard but, still add some color to your writing. Writing and reading writing sometimes is not that appealing but, when the topic is interesting and there is some color to the paper it makes it a lot more interesting to read.  Take in to consideration when you are reading someone’s paper you want to be able to understand what they are trying to say, the points that they are taking. How annoying is it when their paper is all over the place and has pictures and is so unorganized. You want your paper to be clean cut and essay for the person to read.